cat /etc/issue OR cat /etc/issue.net OR lsb_release -a

1. Kernel Version: uname -a
2. Ubuntu Version: lsb_release -a

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

cat /etc/group |cut -d: -f1

1. change the owner with chown, e.g. chown guillermooo
2. change the group with chgrp, e.g. chgrp root
3. change the rights with chmod, e.g. chmod u+w filename.ext (Adds writing permission for the owner of the file filename.ext)

sudo mysql -h localhost -u root -p

1. mysql> show databases;
2. mysql> show tables;
3. mysql> use database_name;

REF: http://www.pantz.org/software/mysql/mysqlcommands.html

sudo service apache2 restart OR sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Change Admin Password for user jsmith: sudo passwd jsmith

sudo adduser username

sudo deluser username

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

1. Running PHP5 scripts from command line: sudo apt-get install php5-cli
2. Execute PHP5 scripts without installing PHP5 Apache module: sudo apt-get install php5-cgi

sudo apt-get install php5-mysql

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

sudo service mysql restart

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.1

mysql -u root -p

1. gzip filename.txt - Compressing
2. gunzip filename.txt.gz - Uncompressing

REF: http://www.debianadmin.com/create-and-extract-bz2-and-gz-files.html

REF: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-compress-expand-gz-files/

1. ~$ sudo mkdir /mnt/usb --- CREATE A FOLDER
2. ~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb/ --- MOUNT THE DRIVE INTO THE FOLDER YOU CREATED

REF: http://linuxservertutorials.blogspot.com/2008/11/ubuntu-server-mount-usb-drive.html

sudo umount /dev/sdb1

/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

mysqldump --opt -u root -p your_current_existing_database | gzip > database_backup_date.sql.gz

sudo fdisk -l

REF: http://linuxconfig.org/Howto_mount_USB_drive_in_Linux

rm -r directory

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEW-PASSWORD-HERE") where User='tom';

mount -l OR df -hT

1. lsof -i - To display the list of open ports
2. netstat -vaun - To display only open UDP ports

REF: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-find-out-what-ports-are-listeningopen-on-my-linuxfreebsd-server

kill -9 3216 - Where 3216 is Process ID

ps

REF: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/show-all-running-processes-in-linux

ps -ef | grep wget | grep -v grep

REF: http://superuser.com/questions/490601/how-to-know-if-file-is-already-finished-downloading-in-linux-command-line

sudo date -s "21 Feb 2013 01:12:00"

crontab -l OR for user root is: sudo crontab -l

EDITOR="nano" crontab -e - Edit cron tab

sudo reboot

• sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
• sudo apt-get install apache2
• sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
• sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

REF: http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-apache2-with-php5-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.04-lamp

1. chown -R username somedir

REF: http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fileowner.html

1. Edit default or main folder [sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default]
2. Add Virtual Record at the bottom of the file pointing the domain to the folder

   <VirtualHost 161.23.41.69:80>
           ServerName domainname.co.za
           ServerAlias www.domainname.co.za
           ServerAdmin youremail@domainname.co.za
           DocumentRoot /var/www/domainname.co.za/html/
   

           <Directory /var/www/domainname.co.za/html/>
                   Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews +Includes
                   AllowOverride None
                   Order allow,deny
                   Allow from all
           </Directory>
   </VirtualHost>

3. Save the file and go to your sites-enable folder and cat the default file that was initially linked with [ln -s ../sites-available/default]
4. if new virtual host script from b) above appears, then restart apache server [sudo service apache2 restart]
5. Go to your browser and type www.domainname.co.za

Appendix: A
----------------

Appendix: B
----------------

Appendix: C
----------------

Appendix: D
----------------

Appendix: E (MySQL Command)
---------------------------------------------

List of all MySQL commands:

Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';'